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Effect of combined superficial cervical plexus block with intermediate cervical plexus block on intraoperative opioid requirement and postoperative analgesia for thyroid surgery

TCMS-Vol. 3 (2023), Issue 3, pp. 01 – 05 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Gabriel Jinal Gohil, Pratik Doshi, Pratiti Gohil, Vandana Parmar and Monika Malani

Abstract:Background and Aim: Bilateral superficial cervical plexus block provides adequate analgesia in the neck region for thyroid surgery. Intermediate cervical plexus block can block all four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus and sensory/ motor branches of the cervical plexus supplying the sternocleidomastoid muscle simultaneously so that provides adequate analgesia and anesthesia for neck surgeries that involve manipulation or resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Along with general anesthesia, bilateral superficial cervical plexus block with intermediate cervical plexus block was given to reduce intraoperative opioid requirement and increase the duration of postoperative analgesia.
Material and Methods: A total of 56 patients aged between 18 to 65 years of either sex, ASA I and II, undergoing elective thyroid surgery were randomly allocated in two groups. Group S receives bilateral superficial and intermediate cervical plexus block with Inj. Ropivacaine 0.375% before induction of general anesthesia, and Group C receives no block. In both groups, intraoperative opioid requirement, intraoperative hemodynamics, time of rescue analgesia, total no. of rescue analgesic in 24 hours, total duration of analgesia, and complications were noted.
Results: Group S (\(25\pm0\) micrograms) had less mean fentanyl requirement intraoperatively than group C (\(35\pm14.43\) micrograms). Intraoperative hemodynamics were better in Group S compared to Group C. Total duration of analgesia was prolonged in group S (\(24.57\pm4.72\) hours) than in Group C (\(4.57\pm2.10\) hours). Total no. of rescue analgesic was reduced in group S (8 patients (28.57%)- 1 dose and 20 patients (71.42%)- no analgesic) as compared to group C (7 patients (25%)- 3 doses, 20 patients (71.42%)- 2 doses, one patient (3.57%)- one dose).
Conclusion: Combination of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block with intermediate cervical plexus block reduces intraoperative opioid requirement and increases postoperative analgesia with better intraoperative hemodynamic variables and fewer side effects.

Modelling the dynamics of multi-strain COVID-19 transmission

OMS-Vol. 7 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 269-278 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Joel N. Ndam and Stephen T. Agba

Abstract: It is on record that rolling out COVID-19 vaccines has been one of the fastest for any vaccine production worldwide. Despite this prompt action taken to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19, the disease persists. One of the reasons for the persistence of the disease is that the vaccines do not confer immunity against the infections. Moreover, the virus-causing COVID-19 mutates, rendering the vaccines less effective on the new strains of the disease. This research addresses the multi-strains transmission dynamics and herd immunity threshold of the disease. Local stability analysis of the disease-free steady state reveals that the pandemic can be contained when the basic reproduction number, \(R_{0}\) is brought below unity. The results of numerical simulations also agree with the theoretical results. The herd immunity thresholds for some of the vaccines against COVID-19 were computed to guide the management of the disease. This model can be applied to any strain of the disease.

Results on the growth of solutions of complex linear differential equations with meromorphic coefficients

OMS-Vol. 7 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 248-268 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Mansouria Saidani and Benharrat Belaïdi

Abstract:The purpose of this paper is the study of the growth of solutions of higher order linear differential equations \(f^{\left( k\right) }+\left( A_{k-1,1}\left( z\right) e^{P_{k-1}\left(z\right) }+A_{k-1,2}\left( z\right) e^{Q_{k-1}\left( z\right) }\right)f^{\left( k-1\right) }+\cdots +\left( A_{0,1}\left( z\right) e^{P_{0}\left( z\right)
}+A_{0,2}\left( z\right) e^{Q_{0}\left( z\right) }\right) f=0\) and \(f^{\left( k\right) }+\left( A_{k-1,1}\left( z\right) e^{P_{k-1}\left(z\right) }+A_{k-1,2}\left( z\right) e^{Q_{k-1}\left( z\right) }\right)f^{\left( k-1\right) }+\cdots +\left( A_{0,1}\left( z\right) e^{P_{0}\left( z\right)}+A_{0,2}\left( z\right) e^{Q_{0}\left( z\right) }\right) f=F\left( z\right),\) where \(A_{j,i}\left( z\right) \left( \not\equiv 0\right) \left(j=0,…,k-1;i=1,2\right) ,\) \(F\left( z\right) \) are meromorphic functions of finite order and \(P_{j}\left( z\right) ,Q_{j}\left( z\right) \) \((j=0,1,…,k-1;i=1,2)\) are polynomials with degree \(n\geq 1\). Under some others conditions, we extend the previous results due to Hamani and Belaïdi [1].

On 2-noncrossing increasing trees

ODAM-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 2, pp. 39 – 50 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Isaac Owino Okoth

Abstract:A \(2\)-noncrossing tree is a rooted tree drawn in the plane with its vertices (colored black or white) on the boundary of a circle such that the edges are line segments that do not intersect inside the circle and there is no black-black ascent in any path from the root. A rooted tree is said to be increasing if the labels of the vertices are increasing as one moves away from the root. In this paper, we use generating functions and bijections to enumerate \(2\)-noncrossing increasing trees by the number of blacks vertices and by root degree. Bijections with noncrossing trees, ternary trees, 2-plane trees, certain Dyck paths, and certain restricted lattice paths are established.

Introduction to total chromatic vertex stress of graphs

ODAM-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 2, pp. 32 – 38 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Johan Kok

Abstract:This paper introduces the new notion of total chromatic vertex stress of a graph. Results for certain tree families and other \(2\)-colorable graphs are presented. The notions of chromatically-stress stability and chromatically-stress regularity are also introduced. New research avenues are also proposed.

Arc coloring of odd graphs for hamiltonicity

ODAM-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 2, pp. 14 – 31 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Italo Dejter

Abstract:Coloring the arcs of biregular graphs was introduced with possible applications to industrial chemistry, molecular biology, cellular neuroscience, etc. Here, we deal with arc coloring in some non-bipartite graphs. In fact, for \(1< k \in\mathbb{Z}\), we find that the odd graph \(O_k\) has an arc factorization with colors \(0,1,\ldots,k\) such that the sum of colors of the two arcs of each edge equals \(k\). This is applied to analyzing the influence of such arc factorizations in recently constructed uniform 2-factors in \(O_k\) and in Hamilton cycles in \(O_k\) as well as in its double covering graph known as the middle-levels graph \(M_k\).

More on second Zagreb energy of graphs

ODAM-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 2, pp. 7 – 13 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Mitesh J. Patel, Kajal S. Baldaniya and Ashika Panicker

Abstract:Let \(G\) be a graph with \(n\) vertices. The second Zagreb energy of graph \(G\) is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the second Zagreb matrix of graph \(G\). In this paper, we derive the relation between the second Zagreb matrix and the adjacency matrix of graph \(G\) and derive the new upper bound for the second Zagreb energy in the context of trace. We also derive the second Zagreb energy of \(m-\)splitting graph and \(m-\)shadow graph of a graph.

On the product of Sombor and modified Sombor indices

ODAM-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 2, pp. 1 – 6 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Ivan Gutman, Redžepović and Boris Furtula

Abstract:The Sombor index (\(SO\)) and the modified Sombor index (\(^mSO\)) are two closely related vertex-degree-based graph invariants. Both were introduced in the 2020s, and have already found a variety of chemical, physicochemical, and network-theoretical applications. In this paper, we examine the product \(SO \cdot {^mSO}\) and determine its main properties. It is found that the structure-dependence of this product is fully different from that of either \(SO\) or \(^mSO\). Lower and upper bounds for \(SO \cdot {^mSO}\) are established and the extremal graphs are characterized. For connected graphs, the minimum value of the product \(SO \cdot {^mSO}\) is the square of the number of edges. In the case of trees, the maximum value pertains to a special type of eclipsed sun graph, trees
with a single branching point.

Early prediction of non union tibia from post operative follow up 3rd month radiographic union status of tibial fracture (rust ) score: A systematic review and meta analysis

TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 693 – 697 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Govind Kumar Gupta, Subhankar Mandal, Sudha Rani, Tushar Kumar, Pancham Prasad and Ratnajeet Chakraborty

Abstract:Purpose: Early prediction of the non-union tibia by the RUST score (Radiographic union score for tibia fracture) at three months postoperatively. That will help with early detection of non-union, intervene to treat the non-union and help get back to normal daily life.
Materials and method: Systematic search was done in an electronic database (Google Scholar, PubMed , Chochrane library ) for articles published till 5th January 2022 investigating RUST score as a predictor for non union tibia . The new castle Ottowa scale (NOS) was used to determine risk of bias for each study.
Result: The search turned up 81 records. The final sample included three trials ( 2 cohorts and 1 case control study) involving 510 patients. Statistical analysis showed that if RUST score is >6 at 3rd month then there is 7.12 times more chance for union( OR -7.12, 95% CI-4.06 to 12.49). This meta analysis suggests that the RUST score at 3rd month has the potential to provide an early prediction of tibial non-union. Radiographic union scale in tibial fracture (RUST), the Newcastle ottowa scale (NOS), fracture tibia, non-union, intramedullary interlocking nail.

Cardiac manifestations and COVID-19- A review

TCMS-Special issue: Indian Medical Research Views and Findings on Last 5 years (2023), pp. 429 – 434 Open Access Full-Text PDF

Vikas Ashok Mishra, Suhel Siddiqui, Pradeep Kumar Jain and Shishir Soni

Abstract:The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the most recent coronavirus disease outbreak of 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The cause of COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), largely affects the respiratory system, with viral pneumonia as a complication most common manifestation. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 has a number of cardiovascular symptoms that raise COVID-19’s morbidity and fatality rates. Individuals are more likely to develop COVID-19 and have a worse prognosis if they have underlying cardiovascular illnesses and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Endothelial dysfunction, widespread microangiopathy with thrombosis, and elevated angiotensin II levels are potential pathways of cardiovascular damage. Acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden death can all be caused by myocardial hyperinflammation. The early stages of COVID-19 show a high level of cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides, which indicates an acute myocardial damage. Given the intricate relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular symptoms, comprehensive knowledge for the proper management of these patients. Treatment is symptomatic until a particular antiviral medication for COVID-19 becomes available. Information about COVID-19’s cardiovascular risk factors and symptoms is provided in this review.

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