EASL – Vol 6 – Issue 1 (2023) – PISRT https://old.pisrt.org Fri, 24 Nov 2023 15:21:53 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7 Estimation of finite population mean of a sensitive variable using three-stage orrt in the presence of non-response and measurement errors https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/easl-vol-6-issue-1-2023/estimation-of-finite-population-mean-of-a-sensitive-variable-using-three-stage-orrt-in-the-presence-of-non-response-and-measurement-errors/ Fri, 30 Jun 2023 17:06:40 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=8087
EASL-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 37 – 48 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Ronald Onyango, Samuel B. Apima and Amos Wanjara
Abstract:The purpose of this study is to present a generalized class of estimators using the three-stage Optional Randomized Response Technique (ORRT) in the presence of non-response and measurement errors on a sensitive study variable. The proposed estimator makes use of dual auxiliary information. The expression for the bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator are derived using Taylor series expansion. The proposed estimator's applicability is proven using real data sets. A numerical study is used to compare the efficiency of the proposed estimator with adapted estimators of the finite population mean. The suggested estimator performs better than adapted ordinary, ratio, and exponential ratio-type estimators in the presence of both non-response and measurement errors. The efficiency of the proposed estimator of population mean declines as the inverse sampling rate, non-response rate, and sensitivity level of the survey question increase.]]>
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Engineering and Applied Science Letter
Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 37 – 48
ISSN: 2617-9709 (Online) 2617-9695 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2023.0094

Estimation of finite population mean of a sensitive variable using three-stage orrt in the presence of non-response and measurement errors

Ronald Onyango\(^{1,*}\), Samuel B. Apima\(^2\) and Amos Wanjara\(^2\)
\(^{1}\) Department of Applied Statistics, Financial Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Kenya
\(^{2}\) Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Kaimosi Friends University, Kenya

Copyright © 2023 Ronald Onyango, Samuel B. Apima and Amos Wanjara. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: May 06, 2023 – Accepted: June 20, 2023 – Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to present a generalized class of estimators using the three-stage Optional Randomized Response Technique (ORRT) in the presence of non-response and measurement errors on a sensitive study variable. The proposed estimator makes use of dual auxiliary information. The expression for the bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator are derived using Taylor series expansion. The proposed estimator’s applicability is proven using real data sets. A numerical study is used to compare the efficiency of the proposed estimator with adapted estimators of the finite population mean. The suggested estimator performs better than adapted ordinary, ratio, and exponential ratio-type estimators in the presence of both non-response and measurement errors. The efficiency of the proposed estimator of population mean declines as the inverse sampling rate, non-response rate, and sensitivity level of the survey question increase.

Keywords:

Sensitivity level; non-response; measurement errors; bias; efficiency
]]> Comparison of the anisotropic and isotropic macroscopic traffic flow models https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/easl-vol-6-issue-1-2023/comparison-of-the-anisotropic-and-isotropic-macroscopic-traffic-flow-models/ Fri, 30 Jun 2023 16:59:33 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=8085
EASL-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 26 – 36 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Gabriel Obed Fosu, Gideon K. Gogovi and Joshua K. Asamoah
Abstract:Second-order macroscopic vehicular traffic flow models are categorized under two broad headings based on the direction of their characteristics. Faster-than-vehicle waves are often called isotropic models vis-\'{a}-vis anisotropic models with slower-than-vehicle characteristic speed. The dispute on the supremacy among these families of models is the motivation for this paper. This paper compares and contrasts six distinctive second-order macroscopic models using a numerical simulation and analysis. Three models are characterized by faster-than-vehicle waves with their corresponding anisotropic counterparts. Simulation results on the formation of deceleration waves and the dissolution of acceleration fans are presented to graphically compare the wave profiles of the selected isotropic and anisotropic traffic models. Observably, these opposing models can all characterize these physical traffic phenomena to the same degree. Thus, faster characteristic speed conceptualization of second-order macroscopic equations does not tantamount to model failure but rather lies in the explanation of this property.]]>
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Engineering and Applied Science Letter
Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 26 – 36
ISSN: 2617-9709 (Online) 2617-9695 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2023.0093

Comparison of the anisotropic and isotropic macroscopic traffic flow models

Gabriel Obed Fosu\(^{1,*}\), Gideon K. Gogovi\(^2\) and Joshua K. Asamoah\(^1\)
\(^{1}\) Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
\(^{2}\) Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, USA

Copyright © 2023 Gabriel Obed Fosu, Jones Brefo Konadu, Michael Yaw Yeboah and Oppon-Wusu Kwaku Darko. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: April 20, 2023 – Accepted: May 05, 2023 – Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract

Second-order macroscopic vehicular traffic flow models are categorized under two broad headings based on the direction of their characteristics. Faster-than-vehicle waves are often called isotropic models vis-\'{a}-vis anisotropic models with slower-than-vehicle characteristic speed. The dispute on the supremacy among these families of models is the motivation for this paper. This paper compares and contrasts six distinctive second-order macroscopic models using a numerical simulation and analysis. Three models are characterized by faster-than-vehicle waves with their corresponding anisotropic counterparts. Simulation results on the formation of deceleration waves and the dissolution of acceleration fans are presented to graphically compare the wave profiles of the selected isotropic and anisotropic traffic models. Observably, these opposing models can all characterize these physical traffic phenomena to the same degree. Thus, faster characteristic speed conceptualization of second-order macroscopic equations does not tantamount to model failure but rather lies in the explanation of this property.

Keywords:

Characteristic speed; multilane flow; traffic waves; isotropic models; anisotropic models.
]]> Comparative study of the improved Euler’s method and fadugba-falodun scheme for the solution of second order ordinary differential equation https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/easl-vol-6-issue-1-2023/comparative-study-of-the-improved-eulers-method-and-fadugba-falodun-scheme-for-the-solution-of-second-order-ordinary-differential-equation/ Fri, 30 Jun 2023 16:26:46 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=8081
EASL-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 19 – 25 Open Access Full-Text PDF
S.E. Fadugba, K.J. Adebayo, A.A. Adeniji and B.O. Falodun
Abstract:In this paper, the comparative study of Fadugba-Falodun Scheme (FFS) and the Improved Euler's Method (IEM) is presented. IEM and FFS have been used successfully for the solution of second order ordinary differential equation. FFS is a numerical method recently proposed by means of an interpolating function involving a transcendental function of exponential type. In order to discuss the efficiency and accuracy of the two methods, an illustrative example has been presented in the context of the Exact Solution (ES) and the absolute relative errors computed at each mesh point of the integration interval under consideration. The numerical results show that there is no significant difference between the FFS and ES, unlike its counterpart IEM. Hence, FFS is a good numerical method for the solution of the second order initial value problem in ordinary differential equations. All calculations have been carried out via MATLAB (R2014a) in double precision. ]]>
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Engineering and Applied Science Letter
Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 19 – 25
ISSN: 2617-9709 (Online) 2617-9695 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2023.0092

Comparative study of the improved Euler’s method and fadugba-falodun scheme for the solution of second order ordinary differential equation

S.E. Fadugba\(^{1,2,3,*}\), K.J. Adebayo \(^1\), A.A. Adeniji \(^4\) and B.O. Falodun\(^5\)
\(^{1}\) Department of Mathematics, Ekiti State University, 360001, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.
\(^{2}\) Department of Physical Sciences, Mathematics Programme, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
\(^{3}\) Landmark University SDG 4: Quality Education Research Group, Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
\(^{4}\) Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
\(^{5}\) Department of Computer Science/Mathematics, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Novena University, Nigeria.

Copyright © 2023 S.E. Fadugba, K.J. Adebayo, A.A. Adeniji and B.O. Falodun. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: March 01, 2023 – Accepted: April 05, 2023 – Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract

In this paper, the comparative study of Fadugba-Falodun Scheme (FFS) and the Improved Euler’s Method (IEM) is presented. IEM and FFS have been used successfully for the solution of second order ordinary differential equation. FFS is a numerical method recently proposed by means of an interpolating function involving a transcendental function of exponential type. In order to discuss the efficiency and accuracy of the two methods, an illustrative example has been presented in the context of the Exact Solution (ES) and the absolute relative errors computed at each mesh point of the integration interval under consideration. The numerical results show that there is no significant difference between the FFS and ES, unlike its counterpart IEM. Hence, FFS is a good numerical method for the solution of the second order initial value problem in ordinary differential equations. All calculations have been carried out via MATLAB (R2014a) in double precision.

Keywords:

Fadugba-Falodun scheme; Improved Euler method; Initial value problem; Second order ordinary differential equation.
]]> Numerical treatment of a thermoelastic contact problem https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/easl-vol-6-issue-1-2023/numerical-treatment-of-a-thermoelastic-contact-problem/ Fri, 30 Jun 2023 16:17:18 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=8079
EASL-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 11 – 18 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Youssef Ouafik
Abstract:This paper is devoted to a study of the numerical solution of the thermoelastic model describing the contact problem between the body and a rigid foundation that is thermally conducting. The linear thermoelastic constitutive law describes the behavior of the material. The contact is frictionless and described with Signorini's condition and a thermal contact condition when the heat exchange coefficient depends on the contact pressure. We aim to present a detailed description of the numerical modeling of the problem. on this end, we use a penalty method to approximate the constraints. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to study a two-dimensional example and compare the penalty problem with the Lagrangian one.]]>
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Engineering and Applied Science Letter
Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 11 – 18
ISSN: 2617-9709 (Online) 2617-9695 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2023.0091

Numerical treatment of a thermoelastic contact problem

Youssef Ouafik
National School of Applied Sciences of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco

Copyright © 2023 Youssef Ouafik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: December 20, 2022 – Accepted: March 01, 2023 – Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract

This paper is devoted to a study of the numerical solution of the thermoelastic model describing the contact problem between the body and a rigid foundation that is thermally conducting. The linear thermoelastic constitutive law describes the behavior of the material. The contact is frictionless and described with Signorini’s condition and a thermal contact condition when the heat exchange coefficient depends on the contact pressure. We aim to present a detailed description of the numerical modeling of the problem. on this end, we use a penalty method to approximate the constraints. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to study a two-dimensional example and compare the penalty problem with the Lagrangian one.

Keywords:

Thermoelastic material; thermal contact; finite element; penalty and augmented lagrangian methods; numerical simulations.
]]> Minimization of layer feed cost using linear programming https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/easl-vol-6-issue-1-2023/minimization-of-layer-feed-cost-using-linear-programming/ Fri, 30 Jun 2023 13:41:30 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=8077
EASL-Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 01 – 10 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Gabriel Obed Fosu, Jones Brefo Konadu, and Michael Yaw Yeboah
Abstract:Poultry farms in Ghana are experiencing a decline, and some are at risk of collapsing due to the high cost of poultry feed. The aim of this paper is to assist poultry farmers in increasing their profits by reducing the cost of poultry feed. The linear programming technique is implemented to utilize locally available feed ingredients to formulate layer feed mix for the various stages of poultry growth, which includes chick mash (starter), grower, and prelayer. Mathematical models are constructed based on the nutrient requirements of the layers, nutrient composition of the available ingredients, and any other restrictions on the available ingredients for the formulation. Seven decision variables and eleven constraints are identified. Compared to the existing practice, it is estimated that the LP model's optimal solution can reduce feed formulation costs by approximately 30%, 19%, and 14% in chick mash, grower, and prelayer, respectively. ]]>
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Engineering and Applied Science Letter
Vol. 6 (2023), Issue 1, pp. 01 – 10
ISSN: 2617-9709 (Online) 2617-9695 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-easl2023.0090

Minimization of layer feed cost using linear programming

Gabriel Obed Fosu\(^{1,*}\), Jones Brefo Konadu\(^1\), Michael Yaw Yeboah\(^1\) and Oppon-Wusu Kwaku Darko\(^1\)
\(^{1}\) Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana.

Copyright © 2023 Gabriel Obed Fosu, Jones Brefo Konadu, and Michael Yaw Yeboah. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: December 01, 2022 – Accepted: February 05, 2023 – Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract

Poultry farms in Ghana are experiencing a decline, and some are at risk of collapsing due to the high cost of poultry feed. The aim of this paper is to assist poultry farmers in increasing their profits by reducing the cost of poultry feed. The linear programming technique is implemented to utilize locally available feed ingredients to formulate layer feed mix for the various stages of poultry growth, which includes chick mash (starter), grower, and prelayer. Mathematical models are constructed based on the nutrient requirements of the layers, nutrient composition of the available ingredients, and any other restrictions on the available ingredients for the formulation. Seven decision variables and eleven constraints are identified. Compared to the existing practice, it is estimated that the LP model’s optimal solution can reduce feed formulation costs by approximately 30%, 19%, and 14% in chick mash, grower, and prelayer, respectively.

Keywords:

Poultry farming; feed ingredients cost; optimization.
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