TCMS – Vol 3 – Special Issue – PISRT https://old.pisrt.org Fri, 04 Aug 2023 03:04:25 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.6.2 Early prediction of non union tibia from post operative follow up 3rd month radiographic union status of tibial fracture (rust ) score: A systematic review and meta analysis https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/early-prediction-of-non-union-tibia-from-post-operative-follow-up-3rd-month-radiographic-union-status-of-tibial-fracture-rust-score-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/ Thu, 03 Aug 2023 23:00:51 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7992
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 693 – 697 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Govind Kumar Gupta, Subhankar Mandal, Sudha Rani, Tushar Kumar, Pancham Prasad and Ratnajeet Chakraborty
Abstract:Purpose: Early prediction of the non-union tibia by the RUST score (Radiographic union score for tibia fracture) at three months postoperatively. That will help with early detection of non-union, intervene to treat the non-union and help get back to normal daily life. Materials and method: Systematic search was done in an electronic database (Google Scholar, PubMed , Chochrane library ) for articles published till 5th January 2022 investigating RUST score as a predictor for non union tibia . The new castle Ottowa scale (NOS) was used to determine risk of bias for each study. Result: The search turned up 81 records. The final sample included three trials ( 2 cohorts and 1 case control study) involving 510 patients. Statistical analysis showed that if RUST score is >6 at 3rd month then there is 7.12 times more chance for union( OR -7.12, 95% CI-4.06 to 12.49). This meta analysis suggests that the RUST score at 3rd month has the potential to provide an early prediction of tibial non-union. Radiographic union scale in tibial fracture (RUST), the Newcastle ottowa scale (NOS), fracture tibia, non-union, intramedullary interlocking nail. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 693 – 697
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr098

Early prediction of non union tibia from post operative follow up 3rd month radiographic union status of tibial fracture (rust ) score: A systematic review and meta analysis

Govind Kumar Gupta\(^{1}\), Subhankar Mandal\(^{2}\), Sudha Rani\(^{3}\), Tushar Kumar\(^{4,*}\), Pancham Prasad\(^{5}\) and Ratnajeet Chakraborty\(^{5}\)
\(^{1}\) Department of Orthopaedics, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 834009.
\(^2\) Department of Orthopaedics, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 834009.
\(^3\) Department of Anatomy, Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand. India.
\(^4\) Department of Anesthesiology – Trauma Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, 834009.
\(^5\) Department of Orthopaedics, Rajendra Institute of Medical sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand. India.
Correspondence should be addressed to Tushar Kumar at dr.tushar.kumar@gmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Govind Kumar Gupta, Subhankar Mandal, Sudha Rani, Tushar Kumar, Pancham Prasad and Ratnajeet Chakraborty. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: April 2, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 28, 2023

Abstract

Purpose: Early prediction of the non-union tibia by the RUST score (Radiographic union score for tibia fracture) at three months postoperatively. That will help with early detection of non-union, intervene to treat the non-union and help get back to normal daily life.
Materials and method: Systematic search was done in an electronic database (Google Scholar, PubMed , Chochrane library ) for articles published till 5th January 2022 investigating RUST score as a predictor for non union tibia . The new castle Ottowa scale (NOS) was used to determine risk of bias for each study.
Result: The search turned up 81 records. The final sample included three trials ( 2 cohorts and 1 case control study) involving 510 patients. Statistical analysis showed that if RUST score is >6 at 3rd month then there is 7.12 times more chance for union( OR -7.12, 95% CI-4.06 to 12.49). This meta analysis suggests that the RUST score at 3rd month has the potential to provide an early prediction of tibial non-union. Radiographic union scale in tibial fracture (RUST), the Newcastle ottowa scale (NOS), fracture tibia, non-union, intramedullary interlocking nail.

Keywords:

Ocular surface disorder; Diabetes mellitus; Tertiary care center.
]]> A study of HPV association in upper aerodigestive tract cancer by immunohistochemical analysis of p16 https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/a-study-of-hpv-association-in-upper-aerodigestive-tract-cancer-by-immunohistochemical-analysis-of-p16/ Fri, 23 Jun 2023 21:12:31 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7966
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 686 – 692 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Dr. Vedavathi B L and Dr. Malathi B. G
Abstract:Context: The high risk HPV 16 and 18 are known to be associated with some cancers of UADT, particularly oropharynx. These are more commonly seen in young patients, predominantly in male without known risk factors like smoking and alcoholism. Clinically they present with small or occult primary tumor with advanced neck disease. These patients are sensitive to radiotherapy and have better prognosis than conventional keratinizing SCC. The p16 is a surrogate marker for detection HPV. Aims: To detect the frequency of p16 positivity in UADT cancer and correlate p16 positivity with the clinical presentation, histological type and grade of UADT cancers. Methods and Material: Observational study conducted from January 2016 to June 2017 on all the newly diagnosed cases of primary UADT cancer confirmed by histopathological examination. Tissue biopsies were processed, 5 micron sections were stained with H and E and 3 micron sections were subjected for p16 IHC. The collected data was entered in Excel sheet and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software for percentages and proportions. Results: The UADT cancer study subjects showed 37.2% positivity for p16. They were in the age group of 41 to 50 years, most of them were male. Majority of p16 positive UADT cancer study subjects were non smokers, non alcoholics and were not chewing betel nuts. Common site of involvement is oropharynx. Conclusions: Analysis of our result with review of literature showed significant comparable p16 positivity with oropharyngeal cancers. The p16 immunohistochemistry is a surrogate marker for detection of HPV. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 686 – 692
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr097

A study of HPV association in upper aerodigestive tract cancer by immunohistochemical analysis of p16

Dr. Vedavathi B L\(^{1}\) and Dr. Malathi B. G\(^{2,*}\)
\(^{1}\) Chief Medical Officer, ESIC DCBO, Chamarajanagar, Karnataka, India 571313.
\(^{2}\) Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India-571401.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Malathi B. G at malathikush@gmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Vedavathi B L and Dr. Malathi B. G. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Context: The high risk HPV 16 and 18 are known to be associated with some cancers of UADT, particularly oropharynx. These are more commonly seen in young patients, predominantly in male without known risk factors like smoking and alcoholism. Clinically they present with small or occult primary tumor with advanced neck disease. These patients are sensitive to radiotherapy and have better prognosis than conventional keratinizing SCC. The p16 is a surrogate marker for detection HPV.
Aims: To detect the frequency of p16 positivity in UADT cancer and correlate p16 positivity with the clinical presentation, histological type and grade of UADT cancers.
Methods and Material: Observational study conducted from January 2016 to June 2017 on all the newly diagnosed cases of primary UADT cancer confirmed by histopathological examination. Tissue biopsies were processed, 5 micron sections were stained with H and E and 3 micron sections were subjected for p16 IHC. The collected data was entered in Excel sheet and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software for percentages and proportions.
Results: The UADT cancer study subjects showed 37.2% positivity for p16. They were in the age group of 41 to 50 years, most of them were male. Majority of p16 positive UADT cancer study subjects were non smokers, non alcoholics and were not chewing betel nuts. Common site of involvement is oropharynx.
Conclusions: Analysis of our result with review of literature showed significant comparable p16 positivity with oropharyngeal cancers. The p16 immunohistochemistry is a surrogate marker for detection of HPV.

Keywords:

Upper aerodigestive tract cancers; HPV; P16; IHC; Oropharynx.
]]> Assessment of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/assessment-of-left-ventricle-diastolic-dysfunction-in-patients-with-subclinical-hypothyroidism/ Fri, 23 Jun 2023 21:04:34 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7964
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 681 – 685 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Dr. Thirumaleshwara M, Dr. Venugopal K, Dr. Muthuraj N and Dr. Venkatesh K B
Abstract:Background and Aims: Diastolic dysfunction is the commoncondition with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and is reversible inmany cases after treatment. We aimed to investigate the responseof diastolic dysfunction to thyroid hormone replacement therapyin patients of Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Methods: 100 newly diagnosed cases of SubclinicalHypothyroidism (78 females and 22 males) and age more than 18years were included. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history,clinical examination and thyroid function tests. Echocardiographywas performed in all and was repeated after 4-6 months inthose who had diastolic dysfunction. Distribution of Diastolicdysfunction among the involved cases and their response totreatment with L-thyroxine were studied. Results: Out of 100 patients included in the study, 78 patients were female and 22 patients were males. Out of 78 female patients, 28 patients had grade-1 diastolic dysfunction and 50 patients did not have diastolic dysfunction. Out of 22 male patients, 08 patients had grade-1 diastolic dysfunction and 14 patients did not have diastolic dysfunction. With replacement therapy, 28 reverted backto the normal whereas one having grade 2 diastolic dysfunction(pseudonormal pattern) reverted to grade 1. One patient whohad grade 1 diastolic dysfunction (impaired relaxation) did notimprove. Pericardial effusion subsided in all 5 cases. Conclusions: Echocardiography may be a useful tool formonitoring the response of diastolic dysfunction to thyroid hormonereplacement therapy in patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Our findings suggest that Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapymay reverse diastolic dysfunction in Subclinical Hypothyroidism. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 681 – 685
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr096

Assessment of left ventricle diastolic dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Dr. Thirumaleshwara M\(^{1}\), Dr. Venugopal K\(^{2}\), Dr. Muthuraj N\(^{3}\) and Dr. Venkatesh K B\(^{4,*}\)
\(^{1}\) Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, INDIA.
\(^2\) Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, INDIA.
\(^3\) Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, INDIA.
\(^4\) Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, INDIA.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Venkatesh K B at venkivolvo77@gmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Thirumaleshwara M, Dr. Venugopal K, Dr. Muthuraj N and Dr. Venkatesh K B. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims: Diastolic dysfunction is the commoncondition with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and is reversible inmany cases after treatment. We aimed to investigate the responseof diastolic dysfunction to thyroid hormone replacement therapyin patients of Subclinical Hypothyroidism.
Methods: 100 newly diagnosed cases of SubclinicalHypothyroidism (78 females and 22 males) and age more than 18years were included. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history,clinical examination and thyroid function tests. Echocardiographywas performed in all and was repeated after 4-6 months inthose who had diastolic dysfunction. Distribution of Diastolicdysfunction among the involved cases and their response totreatment with L-thyroxine were studied.
Results: Out of 100 patients included in the study, 78 patients were female and 22 patients were males. Out of 78 female patients, 28 patients had grade-1 diastolic dysfunction and 50 patients did not have diastolic dysfunction. Out of 22 male patients, 08 patients had grade-1 diastolic dysfunction and 14 patients did not have diastolic dysfunction. With replacement therapy, 28 reverted backto the normal whereas one having grade 2 diastolic dysfunction(pseudonormal pattern) reverted to grade 1. One patient whohad grade 1 diastolic dysfunction (impaired relaxation) did notimprove. Pericardial effusion subsided in all 5 cases.
Conclusions: Echocardiography may be a useful tool formonitoring the response of diastolic dysfunction to thyroid hormonereplacement therapy in patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Our findings suggest that Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapymay reverse diastolic dysfunction in Subclinical Hypothyroidism.

Keywords:

Hypothyroidism; Echocardiography; Diastolic Dysfunction; L-thyroxine.
]]> Various day care surgical procedures and their outcomes: A prospective study https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/various-day-care-surgical-procedures-and-their-outcomes-a-prospective-study/ Fri, 23 Jun 2023 20:55:46 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7962
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 675 – 680 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Dr. Pallav Chowlu, Dr. Manab Jyoti Gohain and Dr. Narendra Nath Ganguly
Abstract:Background: To study the outcome and safety of various day care surgeries in a tertiary care hospital, Jorhat. Method: A prospective study was conducted on patients who underwent various day care surgeries at Jorhat Medical College & Hospital from August 2021 to July 2021. Patients between 18 to 65 years of age were included in the study. Patients underwent various surgeries and were discharged within 24 hours after surgery as day care surgery. Patients were followed on day 3, day 7 and day 30 for complication/ readmission. Results: 51 patients underwent day care surgeries. Among the 51 patients, 14 (27%) were males and 37 (73%) were females. Patients were between the age of 18- 65 years with a mean age of 36.75 years. All patients were discharged between 7 - 23 hours after surgery. Most patients (n=20, 39.2%) were discharged at 22 hours after surgery. Procedures done during the study period includes Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (n=34, 66.6%), Excision (n=14, 27.4%), Circumcision (n=1, 1.9%), Hernioplasty (n=1, 1.9%) and diagnostic laparoscopy (n=1, 1.9%). During follow up at 3rd day, 7th day and 30th day, 3 presented with complications and 1 patient needed readmission. There was no mortality during the study period. Conclusion: Day care surgery in a tertiary care hospital of Jorhat is safe with low complications and zero mortality rate in well selected patients. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 675 – 680
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr095

Various day care surgical procedures and their outcomes: A prospective study

Dr. Pallav Chowlu\(^{1}\), Dr. Manab Jyoti Gohain\(^{2}\) and Dr. Narendra Nath Ganguly\(^{3,*}\)
\(^{1}\) Postgraduate trainee, Department of General Surgery, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, India.
\(^2\) Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, India.
\(^3\) Professor, Department of General Surgery, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, India.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Narendra Nath Ganguly at drganguly@yahoo.com

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Pallav Chowlu, Dr. Manab Jyoti Gohain and Dr. Narendra Nath Ganguly. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Background: To study the outcome and safety of various day care surgeries in a tertiary care hospital, Jorhat.
Method: A prospective study was conducted on patients who underwent various day care surgeries at Jorhat Medical College & Hospital from August 2021 to July 2021. Patients between 18 to 65 years of age were included in the study. Patients underwent various surgeries and were discharged within 24 hours after surgery as day care surgery. Patients were followed on day 3, day 7 and day 30 for complication/ readmission.
Results: 51 patients underwent day care surgeries. Among the 51 patients, 14 (27%) were males and 37 (73%) were females. Patients were between the age of 18- 65 years with a mean age of 36.75 years. All patients were discharged between 7 – 23 hours after surgery. Most patients (n=20, 39.2%) were discharged at 22 hours after surgery. Procedures done during the study period includes Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (n=34, 66.6%), Excision (n=14, 27.4%), Circumcision (n=1, 1.9%), Hernioplasty (n=1, 1.9%) and diagnostic laparoscopy (n=1, 1.9%). During follow up at 3rd day, 7th day and 30th day, 3 presented with complications and 1 patient needed readmission. There was no mortality during the study period.
Conclusion: Day care surgery in a tertiary care hospital of Jorhat is safe with low complications and zero mortality rate in well selected patients.

Keywords:

Laparoscopic; Surgical procedure; Hospital.
]]> Case-control research on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the occurrence of ulcers in venous disease patients https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/case-control-research-on-the-impact-of-body-mass-index-bmi-on-the-occurrence-of-ulcers-in-venous-disease-patients/ Fri, 23 Jun 2023 01:33:36 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7959
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 668 – 674 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Dr. Asha Jyothi, Dr. Raghavendra Srikanth B and Dr. V. Tharun
Abstract:Background: To identify and address the factors which lead to ulceration in patients with chronic venous disease is essential to prevent progression of disease. Obesity is one such controversial factor. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of body mass index on the development of ulceration in patients with venous disease. We also analysed other risk factors that might lead to progression of disease to ulceration. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of Body Mass Index on the occurrence of ulceration in venous disease patients. Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out at ASRAM Medical College, Eluru, AP in the general surgery department. Every patient who participated in the trial had a venous duplex that was documented as having venous insufficiency. A comparison of 130 cases with venous ulcers that were either active or healed and 130 controls without ulcers was conducted. A survey was given out to examine the variables affecting the likelihood of acquiring an ulcer. The clinical class of venous illness was identified after a clinical evaluation of the patients. Using standardised equipment, the patient's height, weight, and body mass index(BMI) were measured. Results: The study's sample's mean BMI was 29.04 pounds. 260 individuals were enrolled, and 38.8% of them were obese and another 38.8% were overweight. Inactive or healed ulcers were present in 45.5% of the obese patients. Patients with recurrent ulcers made up 77.8% of the population and were either overweight or obese. However, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the body mass index between the cases and controls. A strong connection between ulceration in venous disease and older age, male gender, deep vein thrombosis, and prolonged durations of standing was discovered by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: According to our study, there is no connection between body mass index and ulceration in venous disease patients. Venous ulceration is linked to advanced age, male gender, deep vein thrombosis, and periods of extended standing. However, the researchers did take into account the likelihood that overweight individuals may have a different pathophysiology of venous illness, and as a result, they concluded that venous duplex alone might not be a sufficient diagnostic tool for selecting obese patients for subsequent trials. In order to establish obesity as a risk factor for ulcers, we suggest that additional research be conducted in this area and that obese individuals in the control group be monitored to see if they experience ulcers in the future. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 668 – 674
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr094

Case-control research on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the occurrence of ulcers in venous disease patients

Dr. Asha Jyothi\(^{1}\), Dr. Raghavendra Srikanth B\(^{2,*}\) and Dr. V. Tharun\(^{3}\)
\(^{1}\) Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences Eluru 534005, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
\(^{2}\) Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru 534005, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
\(^{3}\) Final year Postgraduate, Department of General Surgery, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences Eluru-534005, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Raghavendra Srikanth B at vlnvraju@gmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Asha Jyothi, Dr. Raghavendra Srikanth B and Dr. V. Tharun. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Background: To identify and address the factors which lead to ulceration in patients with chronic venous disease is essential to prevent progression of disease. Obesity is one such controversial factor. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of body mass index on the development of ulceration in patients with venous disease. We also analysed other risk factors that might lead to progression of disease to ulceration.
Aim and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of Body Mass Index on the occurrence of ulceration in venous disease patients.
Methods: This prospective case-control study was carried out at ASRAM Medical College, Eluru, AP in the general surgery department. Every patient who participated in the trial had a venous duplex that was documented as having venous insufficiency. A comparison of 130 cases with venous ulcers that were either active or healed and 130 controls without ulcers was conducted. A survey was given out to examine the variables affecting the likelihood of acquiring an ulcer. The clinical class of venous illness was identified after a clinical evaluation of the patients. Using standardised equipment, the patient’s height, weight, and body mass index(BMI) were measured.
Results: The study’s sample’s mean BMI was 29.04 pounds. 260 individuals were enrolled, and 38.8% of them were obese and another 38.8% were overweight. Inactive or healed ulcers were present in 45.5% of the obese patients. Patients with recurrent ulcers made up 77.8% of the population and were either overweight or obese. However, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the body mass index between the cases and controls. A strong connection between ulceration in venous disease and older age, male gender, deep vein thrombosis, and prolonged durations of standing was discovered by multivariate analysis.
Conclusion: According to our study, there is no connection between body mass index and ulceration in venous disease patients. Venous ulceration is linked to advanced age, male gender, deep vein thrombosis, and periods of extended standing. However, the researchers did take into account the likelihood that overweight individuals may have a different pathophysiology of venous illness, and as a result, they concluded that venous duplex alone might not be a sufficient diagnostic tool for selecting obese patients for subsequent trials. In order to establish obesity as a risk factor for ulcers, we suggest that additional research be conducted in this area and that obese individuals in the control group be monitored to see if they experience ulcers in the future.

Keywords:

Chronic venous disease; Body mass index; Obesity; Venous duplex.
]]> A comparative analytical study of the impact of urine trypsinogens-2 in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/a-comparative-analytical-study-of-the-impact-of-urine-trypsinogens-2-in-the-diagnosis-of-acute-pancreatitis/ Fri, 23 Jun 2023 00:38:04 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7953
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 662 – 667 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Dr. Raghavendra Srikanth B, Dr. Asha Jyothi M and Dr. B. Sushma
Abstract:Background: Acute pancreatitis is a very common disorder with a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Acute pancreatitis includes a wide spectrum of diseases varying from mild self-limiting symptoms to fulminant multi-organ failure and high mortality. Serum amylase and serum lipase, which are used for diagnosing acute pancreatitis, are relatively less sensitive and specific and give a lot of false positive or false negative values. Based on the immune-chromatographic method, the urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is proposed to be a rapid method for diagnosing acute pancreatitis at the earliest. Aim of the study: 1. To know the usefulness of urine trypsinogen-2 in accurately diagnosing acute pancreatitis 2. To compare the diagnostic role of urine trypsinogen-2 with that of serum amylase, serum lipase, and imaging studies in acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methodology: 100 Patients presenting with acute upper abdominal symptoms like pain, vomiting, and abdominal distention, admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022, are enrolled in the study. Urine samples were obtained from all the patients and tested with Spot Urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick. Serum amylase and serum lipase tests were also simultaneously done in these patients. If required, patients are also evaluated with (USG) abdomen and (CECT) abdomen. The final diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on the clinical picture, serum amylase more than the threefold rise, and radiological findings. Urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick tests were compared with serum amylase, serum lipase, and imaging studies in patients with a final diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Results: Sensitivity of amylase and lipase was found to be 73.77% and 59.02%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity of trypsinogen was found to be 78.69%. The specificity of amylase and lipase was found to be 89.74% and 89.74%, respectively, whereas the specificity of trypsinogen was found to be 92.1%. Analyzing the data, it is found that the sensitivity and specificity of trypsinogen are higher than the routine investigations. Even though it has a low range of sensitivity, its high specificity ensures that the test can be used as a screening test to check the true negative cases. Conclusion: 1. The urine Trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is a simple, rapid, easy, and noninvasive test that can diagnose or rule out most cases of acute pancreatitis. 2. Urine Trypsinogen-2 estimation does not require laboratory facilities. It is undertaken almost instantaneously (within 5 minutes) as opposed to serum amylase and lipase, results for which may require an hour to get back to the physician. 3. The urinary trypsinogen-2 test could be used as a screening test for acute pancreatitis. 4. Modification of the cutoff point of this assay increases the specificity to the point where it can be used for diagnosis. Qualitative rapid urine trypsinogen-2 test strip is easy to perform. Moreover, it is a reliable and useful screening test for acute pancreatitis in daily practice, particularly in healthcare units lacking laboratory facilities. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 662 – 667
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr093

A comparative analytical study of the impact of urine trypsinogens-2 in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

Dr. Raghavendra Srikanth B\(^{1}\), Dr. Asha Jyothi M\(^{2,*}\) and Dr. B. Sushma\(^{3}\)
\(^{1}\) Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences Eluru 534005, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
\(^2\) Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru 534005, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
\(^3\) Final year Postgraduate, Department of General Surgery, Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences Eluru-534005, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Asha Jyothi M at vlnvraju@gmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Raghavendra Srikanth B, Dr. Asha Jyothi M and Dr. B. Sushma. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a very common disorder with a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Acute pancreatitis includes a wide spectrum of diseases varying from mild self-limiting symptoms to fulminant multi-organ failure and high mortality. Serum amylase and serum lipase, which are used for diagnosing acute pancreatitis, are relatively less sensitive and specific and give a lot of false positive or false negative values. Based on the immune-chromatographic method, the urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is proposed to be a rapid method for diagnosing acute pancreatitis at the earliest.
Aim of the study: 1. To know the usefulness of urine trypsinogen-2 in accurately diagnosing acute pancreatitis 2. To compare the diagnostic role of urine trypsinogen-2 with that of serum amylase, serum lipase, and imaging studies in acute pancreatitis.
Materials and Methodology: 100 Patients presenting with acute upper abdominal symptoms like pain, vomiting, and abdominal distention, admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022, are enrolled in the study. Urine samples were obtained from all the patients and tested with Spot Urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick. Serum amylase and serum lipase tests were also simultaneously done in these patients. If required, patients are also evaluated with (USG) abdomen and (CECT) abdomen. The final diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on the clinical picture, serum amylase more than the threefold rise, and radiological findings. Urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick tests were compared with serum amylase, serum lipase, and imaging studies in patients with a final diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
Results: Sensitivity of amylase and lipase was found to be 73.77% and 59.02%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity of trypsinogen was found to be 78.69%. The specificity of amylase and lipase was found to be 89.74% and 89.74%, respectively, whereas the specificity of trypsinogen was found to be 92.1%. Analyzing the data, it is found that the sensitivity and specificity of trypsinogen are higher than the routine investigations. Even though it has a low range of sensitivity, its high specificity ensures that the test can be used as a screening test to check the true negative cases.
Conclusion: 1. The urine Trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is a simple, rapid, easy, and noninvasive test that can diagnose or rule out most cases of acute pancreatitis. 2. Urine Trypsinogen-2 estimation does not require laboratory facilities. It is undertaken almost instantaneously (within 5 minutes) as opposed to serum amylase and lipase, results for which may require an hour to get back to the physician. 3. The urinary trypsinogen-2 test could be used as a screening test for acute pancreatitis. 4. Modification of the cutoff point of this assay increases the specificity to the point where it can be used for diagnosis. Qualitative rapid urine trypsinogen-2 test strip is easy to perform. Moreover, it is a reliable and useful screening test for acute pancreatitis in daily practice, particularly in healthcare units lacking laboratory facilities.

Keywords:

Acute pancreatitis; Serum amylase; Serum lipase; Urine trypsinogen-2.
]]> Study of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in sickle cell anaemia patients https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/study-of-electrocardiographic-and-echocardiographic-changes-in-sickle-cell-anaemia-patients/ Fri, 23 Jun 2023 00:22:31 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7951
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 655 – 661 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Dr. Sandeep P Chaurasia, Dr. Shekhar Ghodeswar and Dr. Rahul Manvar
Abstract:Background: Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic abnormality involving the haemoglobin. Patients present with a wide spectrum of disorders because of a single-point mutation in which thymine substitutes for adenine, thereby encoding valine instead of glutamine in the sixth position of the beta-chain. The repeated sickling and unsickling damage the red cell membrane leading to irreversibly sickled red cell even when the oxygen pressure is increased. Methodology: Patients admitted in the Medicine department of tertiary care center from December 2020 to December 2022 with sickle cell anaemia were included in the study. Sample size taken for this study was 100 patients. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to record the necessary information. Result: In this study, association of LVH and severe anemia in sickle cell patients was not statistically significant(P >0.05) Association between anaemia and pulmonary artery hypertension in sickle cell patients was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Most common electrocardiographic finding was sinus tachycardia followed by T-inversions. Most common echocardiographic changes were pulmonary hypertension. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 655 – 661
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr092

Study of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in sickle cell anaemia patients

Dr. Sandeep P Chaurasia\(^{1,*}\), Dr. Shekhar Ghodeswar\(^{2}\) and Dr. Rahul Manvar\(^{3}\)
\(^{1}\) Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, SVNGMC and SSH Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India.
\(^2\) Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, SVNGMC and SSH Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India.
\(^3\) Resident, Department of Medicine, SVNGMC and SSH Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Sandeep P Chaurasia at schaurisia@rediffmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Sandeep P Chaurasia, Dr. Shekhar Ghodeswar and Dr. Rahul Manvar. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic abnormality involving the haemoglobin. Patients present with a wide spectrum of disorders because of a single-point mutation in which thymine substitutes for adenine, thereby encoding valine instead of glutamine in the sixth position of the beta-chain. The repeated sickling and unsickling damage the red cell membrane leading to irreversibly sickled red cell even when the oxygen pressure is increased.
Methodology: Patients admitted in the Medicine department of tertiary care center from December 2020 to December 2022 with sickle cell anaemia were included in the study. Sample size taken for this study was 100 patients. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to record the necessary information.
Result: In this study, association of LVH and severe anemia in sickle cell patients was not statistically significant(P >0.05) Association between anaemia and pulmonary artery hypertension in sickle cell patients was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: Most common electrocardiographic finding was sinus tachycardia followed by T-inversions. Most common echocardiographic changes were pulmonary hypertension.

Keywords:

Electrocardiography; Echocardiography; Sickle cell; Anaemia; Hypertension.
]]> Histopathological study of lesions of thyroid: A three years study https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/histopathological-study-of-lesions-of-thyroid-a-three-years-study/ Thu, 22 Jun 2023 23:59:00 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7949
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 649 – 654 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Dr. Prashant Chege, Dr. Prashant Murarkar and Dr. Alka Gosavi
Abstract:Background: The thyroid gland is the largest gland among all endocrine glands. It secretes active hormones (T3 and T4, Calcitonin) influencing various metabolic processes. Diseases of the thyroid include developmental, inflammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic disorders. The present work is an attempt to study the histopathological details of various thyroid lesions, to analyze them and to correlate them with clinical data. Aim and Objectives: To study frequency and histopathology of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of thyroid. Material and Methods: The present study, 'Histopathological study of Lesions of Thyroid', was undertaken at Histopathology section of Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra. The study was of 3 years duration from January 2013 to December 2015. The material was obtained by different surgical procedures such as total thyroidectomy, near total thyroidectomy, hemithyroidectomy, lobectomy and excision of cyst. Tissue samples for H\&E sections were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to routine paraffin embedded processing after which this was then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The thyroid lesions are classified into of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions on the basis of the World Health Organization histological classification of the thyroid tumours. Results: In our study, Out of total 104 cases of thyroid lesions, there were 93 (89.42%) non neoplastic and 11 (10.58%) neoplastic lesions. The most frequently encountered specimen was hemithyroidectomy (58.65%), followed by near total thyroidectomy (22.12%). Out of total cases of 104 thyroid lesions, a maximum number of lesions were seen in patients in the age group of 31-40 years. Thyroid lesions predominantly seen in females with female to male ratio of 6.4:1 for all thyroid lesions Out of total 104 cases of thyroid lesions, there were 93 (89.42%) non neoplastic and 11 (10.58%) neoplastic lesions. Goiter was the most common lesion, which accounted for 80 cases (76.92%) of all the cases followed by thyroglossal cyst 07 cases(6.73%), follicular adenoma 07 cases (6.73%) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis 06 cases (5.76%). The benign tumors were more common (72.73%) than malignant tumors (27.27%). Conclusion: In our study, thyroid lesions showed a female predominance with most of them occurring in the age group of 31-40 years and most common thyroid lesions were non-neoplastic. Diagnosis by histopathological examination is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic lesions. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 649 – 654
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr091

Histopathological study of lesions of thyroid: A three years study

Dr. Prashant Chege\(^{1,*}\), Dr. Prashant Murarkar\(^{2}\) and Dr. Alka Gosavi\(^{3}\)
\(^{1}\) Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, MIMSR Medical College, Latur, Maharashtra, INDIA.
\(^{2}\) Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Miraj Maharashtra, INDIA.
\(^{3}\) Professor, Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, INDIA.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Prashant Chege at prashantchege851@gmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Prashant Chege, Dr. Prashant Murarkar and Dr. Alka Gosavi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Background: The thyroid gland is the largest gland among all endocrine glands. It secretes active hormones (T3 and T4, Calcitonin) influencing various metabolic processes. Diseases of the thyroid include developmental, inflammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic disorders. The present work is an attempt to study the histopathological details of various thyroid lesions, to analyze them and to correlate them with clinical data.
Aim and Objectives: To study frequency and histopathology of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of thyroid.
Material and Methods: The present study, ‘Histopathological study of Lesions of Thyroid’, was undertaken at Histopathology section of Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra. The study was of 3 years duration from January 2013 to December 2015. The material was obtained by different surgical procedures such as total thyroidectomy, near total thyroidectomy, hemithyroidectomy, lobectomy and excision of cyst. Tissue samples for H\&E sections were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected to routine paraffin embedded processing after which this was then stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. The thyroid lesions are classified into of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions on the basis of the World Health Organization histological classification of the thyroid tumours.
Results: In our study, Out of total 104 cases of thyroid lesions, there were 93 (89.42%) non neoplastic and 11 (10.58%) neoplastic lesions. The most frequently encountered specimen was hemithyroidectomy (58.65%), followed by near total thyroidectomy (22.12%). Out of total cases of 104 thyroid lesions, a maximum number of lesions were seen in patients in the age group of 31-40 years. Thyroid lesions predominantly seen in females with female to male ratio of 6.4:1 for all thyroid lesions Out of total 104 cases of thyroid lesions, there were 93 (89.42%) non neoplastic and 11 (10.58%) neoplastic lesions. Goiter was the most common lesion, which accounted for 80 cases (76.92%) of all the cases followed by thyroglossal cyst 07 cases(6.73%), follicular adenoma 07 cases (6.73%) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 06 cases (5.76%). The benign tumors were more common (72.73%) than malignant tumors (27.27%).
Conclusion: In our study, thyroid lesions showed a female predominance with most of them occurring in the age group of 31-40 years and most common thyroid lesions were non-neoplastic. Diagnosis by histopathological examination is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic lesions.

Keywords:

Thyroid; Goiter; Follicular carcinoma.
]]> D-dimer levels and lymphocyte counts as prognostic and predictive factors in children with COVID 19 https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/d-dimer-levels-and-lymphocyte-counts-as-prognostic-and-predictive-factors-in-children-with-covid-19/ Thu, 22 Jun 2023 23:45:29 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7947
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 642 – 648 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Swathi Chayaprakash, Shylaja C G, Sanvithi Anjanappa and Kavya VN
Abstract:Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by high fever, sudden developing respiratory distress. The Purpose of this study is to identify the association of D-dimer levels and lymphocyte counts with poor prognosis and to predict the clinical course in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A Total of 85 hospitalized children diagnosed with COVID 19 were included in the study. According to AIIMS guidelines, they were divided into two groups, one with severe disease (N=23) and other with non-severe disease which included mild to moderate cases (n=62), distinctive performance analysis of these values were performed and the cut off values were determined. Results: A total of 85 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 10 \(\pm\) 5 years and 45 (52.9%) were males. Lymphocyte count was found as statistically significantly low (p <0.001) while D-dimer level was statistically significantly higher in the group with severe disease (p <0.001). As for the effectiveness of lymphocyte count in distinguishing severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19 when cut-off score 1500/mm3 was taken, sensitivity was 30% and specificity was 77% and that of D-dimer when cut-off score 2 mg/L was taken, sensitivity was 22% and specificity was 50%. D-dimer level was found to have a significant discrimination power (AUC = 0.879, p < 0.0001,95% CI). Conclusions: The lymphocyte value of \(\leq 1500/mm3\) and D-dimer value of \(\geq 2mg/L\) can be used in the early determination of patients with poor prognosis in COVID-19. Using these cut-off values for D-dimer and lymphocyte count will help predict prognosis and make rapid treatment decisions in patients with COVID-19. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 642 – 648
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr090

D-dimer levels and lymphocyte counts as prognostic and predictive factors in children with COVID 19

Swathi Chayaprakash\(^{1,*}\), Shylaja C G\(^{2}\), Sanvithi Anjanappa\(^{3}\) and Kavya VN\(^{4}\)
\(^{1}\) Final Year Postgraduate, Department of Paediatrics, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India.
\(^2\) Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India.
\(^3\) Intern, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India.
\(^4\) Final Year Postgraduate, Department of Paediatrics, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Correspondence should be addressed to Swathi Chayaprakash at swathichayaprakash@gmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Swathi Chayaprakash, Shylaja C G, Sanvithi Anjanappa and Kavya VN. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

 

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by high fever, sudden developing respiratory distress. The Purpose of this study is to identify the association of D-dimer levels and lymphocyte counts with poor prognosis and to predict the clinical course in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: A Total of 85 hospitalized children diagnosed with COVID 19 were included in the study. According to AIIMS guidelines, they were divided into two groups, one with severe disease (N=23) and other with non-severe disease which included mild to moderate cases (n=62), distinctive performance analysis of these values were performed and the cut off values were determined.
Results: A total of 85 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 10 \(\pm\) 5 years and 45 (52.9%) were males. Lymphocyte count was found as statistically significantly low (p <0.001) while D-dimer level was statistically significantly higher in the group with severe disease (p <0.001). As for the effectiveness of lymphocyte count in distinguishing severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19 when cut-off score 1500/mm3 was taken, sensitivity was 30% and specificity was 77% and that of D-dimer when cut-off score 2 mg/L was taken, sensitivity was 22% and specificity was 50%. D-dimer level was found to have a significant discrimination power (AUC = 0.879, p < 0.0001,95% CI).
Conclusions: The lymphocyte value of \(\leq 1500/mm3\) and D-dimer value of \(\geq 2mg/L\) can be used in the early determination of patients with poor prognosis in COVID-19. Using these cut-off values for D-dimer and lymphocyte count will help predict prognosis and make rapid treatment decisions in patients with COVID-19.

Keywords:

Covid-19; D-dimer; Lymphocyte count.
]]> Efficacy of packed red cell transfusion in nutritional anemia patients in a rural tertiary care centre: A cross sectional study https://old.pisrt.org/psr-press/journals/vol-3-special-issue/efficacy-of-packed-red-cell-transfusion-in-nutritional-anemia-patients-in-a-rural-tertiary-care-centre-a-cross-sectional-study/ Thu, 22 Jun 2023 23:33:24 +0000 https://old.pisrt.org/?p=7945
TCMS-Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 634 – 641 Open Access Full-Text PDF
Dr. Sriram Vijayaraghavan, Dr. Govindasamy Revathi, Dr. V. Vigneswaramoorthi, Dr. Erli Amel Ivan and Dr. Ramya Gandhi
Abstract:Background: Nutritional anemia is the commonest type of anemia in India, especially in rural areas. Patients with hemoglobin below 6 gm/dl usually require transfusion therapy. In stabilized patients with hemoglobin values between 6 and 10 gm/dl, the decision to transfuse is based on an evaluation of clinical status. Patients with values above 10 gm/dl rarely require transfusion. Initially, whole blood was transfused due to the activity of 2,3 DPG. However, now it is replaced by packed red cells after the advent of proper refrigeration, component separation method, and anticoagulants, especially additive solution SAGM and polyvinyl chloride blood bags. Aims: 1) To know the efficacy of packed red cell transfusion in symptomatic nutritional anemia patients. 2) If there is a failure of improvement following packed red cells transfusion, the underlying cause of anemia will be evaluated, which may influence the outcome of the transfusion. Materials and Methods: The present study comprised 110 nutritional anemia patients who received packed red cell transfusion in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital. Data were collected for eight months. A thorough clinical examination and history were taken for all 110 patients, and hematological parameters were collected from the automated cell counter. Results: In the present study, 110 patients with nutritional anemia who underwent packed red cell transfusion were taken. Out of which, 90 patients had features of only iron deficiency anemia, and 20 had features of anemia of combined deficiency (iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid). Iron deficiency anemia is more prevalent in the third and fourth decades. Anemia of combined deficiency in the sixth and seventh decade. Conclusion: Packed red cell transfusions are reserved for anemia patients whose organs (brain, heart) are being deprived of oxygen due to severe anemia and for people whose hemoglobin or hematocrit level is very low. In chronic anemia, there are increases in the content of 2,3-DPG in the red blood cells, with a shift towards the right in the hemoglobin dissociation curve in the cardiac output and respiratory rate. Hence transfusion is rarely indicated. The mean increase in Hb and PCV values in nutritional anemia patients was statistically more significant (p value<0.05). Hence Hb and PCV can be valuable tools in post-transfusion clinical assessment. ]]>
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Trends in Clinical and Medical Sciences

Special issue: Recent developments of medical and surgical research (2023), pp. 634 – 641
ISSN: 2791-0814 (online) 2791-0807 (Print)
DOI: 10.30538/psrp-tmcs2023.si-rdmsr089

Efficacy of packed red cell transfusion in nutritional anemia patients in a rural tertiary care centre: A cross sectional study

Dr. Sriram Vijayaraghavan\(^{1}\), Dr. Govindasamy Revathi\(^{2}\), Dr. V. Vigneswaramoorthi\(^{3,*}\), Dr. Erli Amel Ivan\(^{4}\) and Dr. Ramya Gandhi\(^{5}\)
\(^{1}\) Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.
\(^2\) Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.
\(^3\) Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.
\(^4\) Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.
\(^5\) Professor, Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. V. Vigneswaramoorthi at drvigneswaramoorthi@gmail.com

Copyright © 2023 Dr. Sriram Vijayaraghavan, Dr. Govindasamy Revathi, Dr. V. Vigneswaramoorthi, Dr. Erli Amel Ivan and Dr. Ramya Gandhi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: January 12, 2023 – Accepted: May 20, 2023 – Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract

Background: Nutritional anemia is the commonest type of anemia in India, especially in rural areas. Patients with hemoglobin below 6 gm/dl usually require transfusion therapy. In stabilized patients with hemoglobin values between 6 and 10 gm/dl, the decision to transfuse is based on an evaluation of clinical status. Patients with values above 10 gm/dl rarely require transfusion. Initially, whole blood was transfused due to the activity of 2,3 DPG. However, now it is replaced by packed red cells after the advent of proper refrigeration, component separation method, and anticoagulants, especially additive solution SAGM and polyvinyl chloride blood bags.
Aims: 1) To know the efficacy of packed red cell transfusion in symptomatic nutritional anemia patients. 2) If there is a failure of improvement following packed red cells transfusion, the underlying cause of anemia will be evaluated, which may influence the outcome of the transfusion.
Materials and Methods: The present study comprised 110 nutritional anemia patients who received packed red cell transfusion in Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital. Data were collected for eight months. A thorough clinical examination and history were taken for all 110 patients, and hematological parameters were collected from the automated cell counter.
Results: In the present study, 110 patients with nutritional anemia who underwent packed red cell transfusion were taken. Out of which, 90 patients had features of only iron deficiency anemia, and 20 had features of anemia of combined deficiency (iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid). Iron deficiency anemia is more prevalent in the third and fourth decades. Anemia of combined deficiency in the sixth and seventh decade. Conclusion: Packed red cell transfusions are reserved for anemia patients whose organs (brain, heart) are being deprived of oxygen due to severe anemia and for people whose hemoglobin or hematocrit level is very low. In chronic anemia, there are increases in the content of 2,3-DPG in the red blood cells, with a shift towards the right in the hemoglobin dissociation curve in the cardiac output and respiratory rate. Hence transfusion is rarely indicated. The mean increase in Hb and PCV values in nutritional anemia patients was statistically more significant (p value<0.05). Hence Hb and PCV can be valuable tools in post-transfusion clinical assessment.

Keywords:

Thyroid; Goiter; Follicular Carcinoma.
]]>