Category Archives: PSR Press

Abstract:Introduction: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute and often severe polyradiculoneuropathy caused by autoantibody-mediated destruction of the myelin sheath, which presents with ascending paralysis and areflexia. The mortality rate of GBS is less than 5%. We conducted a study in our hospital to identify the epidemiological features, clinical profile, and electrophysiological features of GBS and to determine the various GBS variants present in the studied population. We also aimed to correlate the prognosis of GBS with age, critical time period, and requirements for ventilatory support.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study of 32 adult patients (age > 20 years) meeting the criteria for GBS after a detailed study and 3-month follow-up.
Results: GBS occurred in 71.87% males, mostly in those over 50 years of age. Antecedent events were present in 65.26% of patients, with respiratory tract infections being the most common (43.75%). The most common initial motor symptom was distal weakness (28.12%) with ascending progression. The most commonly involved cranial nerve was the facial nerve (49.99%). Twenty-two patients (68.65%) had a disability grade of 3 at peak. Ten patients developed respiratory weakness, with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) cases being 4 (40%), 3 (30%), and 2 (20%), respectively. Postural hypotension was the most common autonomic dysfunction (12.5%). AIDP (71.87%) was the most common variant, and aspiration pneumonia (18.75%) was the most common complication in patients requiring mechanical ventilation (60% of ventilator-assisted patients developed aspiration pneumonia), while urinary tract infection (UTI) (3 cases, 9.37%) was the most common complication in non-ventilator-associated patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was found to be beneficial, with a 72% recovery rate.
Conclusion: GBS is a disease that primarily affects adult males, with a rapid onset to peak, prolonged duration at peak, need for assisted ventilation, and axonal pattern being poor prognostic factors.

Abstract:Objectives and methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study of 250 women with abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive age group undertaken in Srinivasan Medical college Hospital and Research centre over a period of 12 months. It was done to ascertain the possibility of a correlation between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and AUB.
Results and conclusion: The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the reproductive age group is 1-2%. It is 10 times more common in women than in men. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in a population with AUB is 20.4% according to our study and hence selective screening of this population would result in a higher yield. The study showed a significant correlation (p= 0.019, significant) between increasing age and thyroid dysfunction. TSH is a good screening test with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 100%. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 91% respectively.

Abstract:This study aimed to clinically investigate cases of tuberculous lymphadenopathy in a tertiary care center in Madhya Pradesh. 67 patients with swelling in the neck and clinically diagnosed as Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenopathy were included. Data was collected through detailed history, physical examination, routine investigations, radiological tests, and FNAC. Most participants were females (56.7%) in the 11-20 years age group (32.8%). Chest X-ray/ CT thorax findings showed infiltrates in 7.5%. Mantoux test was positive in 85.1% participants. FNAC revealed granuloma without caseous necrosis in 80.6% cases, with AFB found in 28%. 91% were treated with ATT only, while 6% were treated with ATT+ART. 28.4% experienced a paradoxical reaction during treatment, with 94.7% undergoing modification of treatment. USG neck at the end of 6 months treatment revealed residual lymph nodes in only 20.9%. 22.4% required an extended duration of treatment. The study concludes that cervical lymph node tuberculosis is the most common form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and FNAC is the simplest procedure for diagnosis. The presence of residual LNs after 6 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment does not necessarily indicate recurrence or treatment failure but must be re-evaluated and differentiated from active TB.

Abstract:Introduction: Epistaxis is a common condition witnessed in the Emergency department. Due to the discomfort patients experience, the likelihood of complications, and the necessity of following up with their treating physician to remove the nasal packing, it may be reasonable to utilize other drugs to treat epistaxis before nasal packing. It is well-recognized that the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) is helpful in various therapeutic contexts where uncontrolled bleeding may be an issue. There is anecdotal data that suggests topical TXA may be helpful for acute epistaxis, but more research is needed.
Material and Method: The Patients were divided into two groups- Group T- A cotton pledget soaked in 5ml of Tranexamic acid (prefilled syringe) and 10 ml of Phenylephrine with 5ml of 2% Lignocaine with 1:1000 adrenaline and Group C- A cotton pledget soaked in 10ml of Phenylephrine with 5ml of 2% Lignocaine with 1:1000 adrenaline with 5ml Normal saline (prefilled syringe). Outcomes recorded were the proportion of patients in both groups who needed anterior nasal packing after 20 minutes of pack removal, the number of patients whose bleeding stopped within ten minutes, the length of stay in the ED, the necessity of cauterization, and a telephonic follow-up conducted by an independent ENT resident using a structured questionnaire to record any episode of rebleeding within 24 hours to five days. Any drug-related side effects were recorded, such as thrombosis, nausea, and hypersensitivity.
Result: Patients requiring anterior nasal packs were less in the Tranexamic acid group (P<0.038). The length of hospital stay was decreased in Group T (P <0.045), and the proportion of patients whose bleeding was stopped within 10 mins was more in Group T (P< 0.04). The incidence of rebleeding within 24 hours decreased in Group T (P< 0.038), but no significant difference was found in rebleeding number within 1- 5 days. No minor/major complications to the drug were noted in Group T.
Conclusion: Topical TXA is safe and effective for the cessation of anterior nasal bleeding, thus preventing the use of anterior nasal packing, which is tedious for the patient and medical staff. TXA has been shown to decrease the rate of packing significantly.

Abstract:Background: Intubation is one of the most commonly done procedures in a hospital. Endotracheal intubation is the gold standard for securing airway. Direct laryngoscopy (DL) using Macintosh laryngoscope (MCL) has long been in use as a conduit for intubation. I-gel a second generation airway has been designed to conduct intubation, which reduces the pressure response and also eliminates the disadvantages of the LMA such as aspiration of gastric contents, compression of vascular structures, trauma and nerve injury. One of the most important advantages of the I-gel is it’s ability to maintain oxygenation and ventilation during periods of apnea at the time of intubation.
Aim: The present study has been undertaken with an aim to evaluate and compare the intubation time and success rate of direct laryngoscopy and I-gel guided method for endotracheal intubation.
Material and Methods: In this comparative study, 80 patients of ASA grade I and II, aged 20-60 years undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia were included and divided into two groups – A DL and B- I-gel as a conduit for endotracheal intubation.
Result: The mean total intubation time was 18\(\pm\)1 seconds for direct laryngoscopy method and 26\(\pm\)5 seconds for I-gel guided method (p<0.05).Although the total number of attempts required in group A were 43 as compared to 47 in group B ,the difference was statistically insignificant (P=0.38).The changes in mean HR and mean MAP from baseline were less in group B in comparison to group A (p<0.05). The incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were also found to be less in group B as compared to Group A (p<0.05).
Conclusion: I-gel guided intubation can be an effective alternative to the conventional DL method as it offers more hemodynamic stability and less post operative adverse events.

Abstract:Background: Central venous cannulation a vital intervention can be done using numerous approaches for cannulating the internal jugular vein such as anterior, posterior and approach. Of these, the anterior approach is being practised widely, since the identification of landmarks and palpation of carotid artery permits a beginner to learn the procedure easily. The major complications of this approach are carotid artery puncture and hematoma formation. Posterior approach needs identification of only the main bulk of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and external jugular vein, which could be identified even in obese patients easily by the trendelenberg position.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the success rates of anterior and posterior approach for internal jugular vein cannulation.
Material and methods: Hundred patients of American society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) grade I and II, aged 20-60 years of age were divided into two groups. Group A patients were cannulated by anterior approach while Group-B patients cannulated by posterior approach. Number of attempts, time to identify vein, duration of cannulation, ease of threading and complications like carotid artery puncture, hematoma formation, pneumothorax, hemothorax, thrombophlebitis and catheter displacement were taken into consideration.
Result: The total number of attempts was statistically lower in group B as compared to group A (p value= 0.042). The mean time to identify vein and duration of cannulation was also found to be significantly lower in group B as compared to group A (p value= 0.0043,p value=0.001 respectively). The incidence of carotid artery puncture and hematoma formation was less in group-B as compared to group-A (p value=0.001).
Conclusion: Since Posterior approach for IJV cannulation required lesser number of attempts, less time to identify vein and also less duration of cannulation, It can be considered as a preferred choice for cannulation of internal jugular vein as compared to anterior approach.

Abstract:Objective: To compare the efficacy of sublingual misoprostol tablet and intracervical dinoprostone gel for induction of labour in nulliparous postdated pregnancy and assess the maternal and fetal outcome after induction.
Methodology: It is a prospective randomized controlled study conducted over a period of 2 years (nov 2020 to nov 2022), in dept. of obstetrics and gynecology, mkcg mch. Out of 200 cases 100 cases were given sublingual misoprostol tablet (Group 1) and rest were given intracervical dinoprostone gel (Group 2). The efficacy of both the drugs were assessed by favorability of Bishop’s score at 24 hours, need of augmentation with oxytocin, drug administration to delivery interval, mode of delivery, APGAR score, NICU admission, maternal complication and number of failed induction, data was analyzed description statistics and chi square test.
Result: Mean Drug administration to delivery interval was shorter and significant (18. 53hours vs 20.42) hours, p-value 0.0018). Need for augmentation (48 vs 65, p-value 0.0125), failed induction rate (5 vs 11), post-delivery mean blood loss( 436.50mL vs 516 mL, p value- 0.0173) were significantly lower with misoprostol group. NICU admission was lower in dinoprostone group (7 vs 14).
Conclusion: Sublingual misoprostol tablet is efficacious in inducing labour, with shorter drug administration to induction interval, and higher vaginal delivery rate as compared to dinoprostone gel.

Abstract:Introduction: Preanaesthetic medicaments are the drugs used before surgery procedure. They are one or more drugs can be used in several reasons. Drugs used to, control pain, gastric secretion and anxiety. The main aim of the study is to analyze the serious preoperative complications and pre anaesthesic drugs used in different surgical procedure in tertiary care hospital.
Aim: To study the utilization of preanesthetic medications used in different surgical procedure in tertiary care hospital.
Material & Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted after taking permission from institution ethical committee permission. Data was collected retrospectively from inpatient ward those who have undergoing surgeries in the Department of General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.
Results: the study was conducted on 386 patients undergoing surgery in different specialties. Majority of the patients were male from general surgery department. Total of 386 patients, 169 patients showing symptoms before surgery and reduce to 74 patients one week after surgery. Increased in HR, anxiety was observed in majority of the patients. Esmolol is the drugs showing significant improvement in HR, SBP & DBP (p <0.005) respectively.
Conclusion: Alprazolam and esmolol was most commonly used preanaesthetic mediation in patients undergoing surgery in different departments.

Abstract:Context: The dental needs of elderly are changing and growing. Prosthetic rehabilitation can positively impact the quality of life of an elderly edentulous patient.
Aims: 1) Estimate denture needs by analysing number of edentulous patients requiring dentures and the factors depriving them for the complete denture rehabilitation. 2) Analyse the quality of dentures and relate it to their satisfaction with prosthetic rehabilitation.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on 847 patients over a period of 10 months. The sample size was divided into the edentulous patients deprived of dentures and the denture user groups. Each groups were examined clinically and interviewed with a separate close ended, prevalidated multiple choice questionnaire. The questionnaires were available in English as well as Hindi to promote better understanding.
Statistical Analysis: Discrete (categorical) datas were summarized in frequency and compared by using chi-square (\(\chi^{2}\)) test, with P< 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: 1) 68% of the sample were deprived of removable complete denture and 53% denture wearer were unsatisfied with their existing denture. 2)Significant association between gender and distance of dental facility from residence of patients. 3) Difficulty in eating was the prime reason for complete denture requirement (38.55%).4) (38.89%) patients, wearing denture needs relining or rebasing.
Conclusion: Strategies are to be planned by health care providers to make oral health care and denture treatment available to this unprivileged section of the society.

Abstract:Introduction: Esophageal varices are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirhhosis. Esophageal varices can be screened with invasive procedures like esophageal endoscopy which might not be affordable to all in developing countries. This study aimed to find the diagnostic efficacy of some non-invasive markers for detection of esophageal varices in people with cirrhosis.
Objective: To assess the feasibility of platelet count/ spleen diameter (PLC/BPD) ratio and Aspartate transaminase / Alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio as a non-invasive marker for esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.
Materials and method: Platelet count/ bipolar spleen diameter (PLC/BPD) ratio and Aspartate transaminase / Alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio were analysed in hundred patients with cirrhosis admitted in the Medicine Ward of Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal . The values obtained were co-related to presence or absence of esophageal varices on upper GI endoscopy in these patients.
Results: A statistically significant correlation between platelet count/ bipolar spleen diameter (PLC/BPD) ratio and Aspartate transaminase / Alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio and esophgeal varices was found in our study group.